Hospitality As A Code Of Conduct - 1074 Words

Hospitality was deeply embedded in ancient Greek culture. Hospitality was very important and seen as a code of conduct. The term used to describe the concept of Ancient Greek hospitality was xenia. Xenia is basically the generosity and courtesy shown to guests, strangers, or those far from home. Xenia consists of two rules. The first rule is from host to guest, in which the host must be hospitable to the guest and provide basic needs (food, drink, and a bath). The host also has to hold all questioning until after the guest has stated his/her needs. The second rule is from guest to host, in which the guest has to be courteous to the host and not a burden. In ancient Greek culture, xenia was seen as a religious duty. The people believed†¦show more content†¦Since one can never know if the people they meet will be kind, throughout The Odyssey, Odysseus is seen praying that the strangers he meet are good people and hospitable. When Odysseus arrived at the palace, before even que stioning him, King Alcinous gave him guest-gifts, such as food, clothes, and a bar of gold. King Alcinous states, â€Å"But come my attendants, give some food and drink to the stranger† (6.246). He continues, â€Å"Come, let’s give him the parting gifts he deserves. Let us attribute a fresh cloak and shirt and bar of precious gold† (6.297). The Phaeacian people honored the custom of xenia, which is how Odysseus knew they were good people. In modern culture, the system of xenia is not valued and highly unlikely. From my experience, people usually do not welcome strangers into their homes, or even provide basic needs (food, refreshments, etc.). According to what I have seen, the largest group of strangers that go from home to home are Jehovah’s Witnesses. Some view them as annoying, therefore people are usually inhospitable and most of the time Jehovah’s Witnesses are turned away or ignored altogether. Thus showing that in contemporary culture, hospi tality is not valued as it once was in ancient Greek culture. Another instance in which xenia was honored in The Odyssey is Telemachus’ stay at Pylos with King Nestor (Book III). Upon arriving to Pylos,Show MoreRelatedHospitality Industry Is A Multidisciplinary Skill Based Setup1432 Words   |  6 PagesHospitality industry is driven by a simple goal: to offer our customers an impeccable service and to give them the best experience. No matter what the statutes define, the principle of hospitality is ultimately based on the employee’s cultural, ethical and social beliefs and how the vocation is influenced by it. The hospitality industry is a multidisciplinary skill based setup where being hospitable is a behavior that transcends economic or social status of a family and concentrates on being kindRead MoreAn Epic Poem The Odyssey 1611 Words   |  7 Pageshis home and were trying to court his wife, Penelope. Homer not only tells us the adventure of brave Odysseus, but through his story, he also tells us the four qualities that a commendable Greek must possess: hospitality, humility or absence of hubris, honor, and heroism. First, hospitality, also known as â€Å"xenia,† refers to showing generosity to guests or visitors. By treating every guest with generosity, people in ancient Greece believed they could avoid angering a god if one appeared at their doorRead MoreEthics : Ethical And Ethical Values1591 Words   |  7 Pages1. What is ethics? How are ethical values formed? Can ethics be taught or changed? Explain why ethics are important to MIS. How do ethics relate to laws and to codes of conduct? What are Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral Development and how does that relate to ethics in MIS? Ethics is defined as the branch of philosophy that involves organizing, defending and endorsing the concepts of right and wrong behavior. Several factors contribute to the formation of ethical values of an individual including familyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Hospitality and Tourism Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pages1).The relationship between Hospitality and Tourism: Tourism and hospitality go hand in hand, the hospitality industry offer services like accommodation, transportation, food and beverage, recreation and leisure. Tourism is the activity by the tourists where they engage in travelling to destinations where they want to experience recreational and leisure activities and most of the time avails of accommodation, food and beverage. The hospitality industry is the supplier of the services for tourismRead MoreFar Removed From Our Individualistic Society Today Is The1514 Words   |  7 Pages Far removed from our individualistic society today is the ancient Greece portraye d in The Odyssey, by Homer, where hospitality and good-will are a given in the lives of decent, moral people. As commanded by Zeus himself, those who wish the favor of the Gods must welcome foreign and domestic visitors with hospitality. The term developed to describe this concept is the Latin, xenia or guest-friendship. In ancient Greek literature, forms of the word xenia (ÃŽ ¾ÃŽ µÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±), are fairly common: Homer s twoRead MoreA Case Study On Hospitality1687 Words   |  7 PagesA Case Study in Hospitality Phillip Lehane MIssouri State University  Background This case begins with a busy, successful hotel that is part of a well-known major chain. The employees are happy and productive, there are no problems with anything. Audrey is an employee at the front desk and, unbeknownst to the rest of the hotel staff, she is in a relationship with her direct supervisor, Gerald. Their relationship has lasted roughly three months. Audrey had recently finalized a divorce, and has beenRead MoreImproving Health And Human Service Sector1631 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessional. Professionalism, within the health and human service sector, is similar to professionalism as it is construed, in a broader sense, in other work-places within society. It is a concept important in careers and businesses ranging from hospitality to health and human services. Professionalism, as a concept needing to be maintained, within the health sector, is exclusively based around improving health and wellbeing within society. The health and human service sector comprises a broad rangeRead MoreEssay on Japanese Feudalism604 Words   |  3 Pagesgovernments also had strict regulations and codes of conduct for their markets, or ichi, as shown by the Regulations reguarding the Takama Market. Trade was regulated by guilds in Western Europe and governmental codes in Japan. Japanese and Western European economies were very similar. Politically, the two areas differed greatly. Japan and Western Europe had differing views on the groups of people who should be called to war. The Hundred Article Code of Chosokabe states that everyone should beRead MoreIntro of Hospitality Industry2586 Words   |  11 Pages[pic] [pic]Hide Wikipedia is getting a new lookHelp us find bugs and complete user interface translations [pic]Hospitality From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Hospitality (disambiguation). This article is about the definition of hospitality. For academic study of hotel management, see Hospitality management studies and Hospitality industry. |[pic] |This articles tone or style may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may beRead MoreEmployee Turnover At The Hospitality Industry Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesmotivated in the hospitality industry should never be taken lightly. Unhappy and unmotivated employees cannot portray the characteristics associated with the meaning of hospitality. If an employee is unhappy with their working conditions, would that employee work to their fullest potential for the organization? The answer is clearly no. Motivation or lack of will have a huge impact on employee performance and retention. An interest must be shown in each employee of a hospitality operation. Smaller

Adolf Hitlers Machiavellian Strategy Essay - 652 Words

Adolf Hitlers Machiavellian Strategy Machiavelli’s The Prince outlines tactics for a leader to seize and maintain lands under his power. His tactics have been demonstrated repeatedly throughout history, and though his approach is hardly ethical or idealistic, one cannot deny the fact that it has proved to be effective. Hitler is an example that exemplifies the accuracy of what Machiavelli said would bring success in the acquisition of new provinces. One topic Machiavelli focuses on, especially in Part II, are different types of troops. Had he seen Hitler’s army, he would have classified the troops as native, and would have applauded Hitler’s choice in troops over mercenary (men who fight for money,) auxiliary (foreign†¦show more content†¦Furthermore it contained people from various religions, including Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and atheists, such as communists. Hitler had built the support of an entire nativist Nazi army over the years with the Beer Hall Putsch, his book Mein Kampf, a book that narrates his struggle in Germany, and his tremendous oratory skills. Using this army he was able to bully his way into a dictatorial position and dissolve the Reichstag, eliminating the last bit of democratic government left in Germany. Once in power, he was able to successfully stay in power by using the guidelines given in The Prince. The work acknowledges that mixed principalities are of the more difficult to control. To hold such a land in your power, you must first extinguish the line of princes (15). In Hitler’s case, the princes meant anyone who had any sort of political power in Germany, and he was swift and efficient in killing them, and outlawing their political parties. Machiavelli also said it is better not to share power, and Hitler followed this by killing all those in his own Nazi party that had any sort of power, including his whole elite blackshirt army. The final, and most important issue of maintaining a mixed principality is the use of force and strict policies, which Hitler used without fail. Acquiring and maintaining rule over new principalitiesShow MoreRelatedConnections Between Hitler And The Prince1307 Words   |  6 PagesConnections between Hitler and The Prince Hitler said, â€Å"Germany will either be a world power or will not be at all† (â€Å"Adolf Hitler Quote†). Adolph Hitler became the leader of the German Nazi party in 1933. His leadership was both loved and despised. He controlled the Nazi party for more than a decade (â€Å"Adolph Hitler†). Considering the length of Hitler’s reign, he must have had leadership qualities that people found admirable or they feared him so greatly that no one would attempt to overthrowRead MoreHitler s Inexorable Of Power1775 Words   |  8 PagesHitler’s Maniacal Rise to Power: Rough Draft #1 After World War I, Germany was in ruins. Not only was Germany physically damaged, the people’s morale was destroyed. From the fiery ashes of WWI, a German leader arose and preached a message of patriotism, prosperity, and racial purity. He launched a crusade for a 1,000 year empire, setting the stage for tragedy like none the world had ever seen before. After World War I, Adolf Hitler was able to rise to power due to the weakened Weimar Republic,Read MoreNew World Order in Conspiracy Theory13987 Words   |  56 Pages  quantum mysticism,  spiritualism, and  Theosophy.[5]  Thus, New Age conspiracy theorists, such as the makers of documentary films like  Esoteric Agenda, claim that globalists who plot on behalf of the New World Order are simply misusing occultism for  Machiavellian  ends, such as adopting 21 December 2012 as the exact date for the establishment of the New World Order in order to take advantage of the growing  2012 phenomenon, which has its orig ins in the fringe  Mayanist  theories of New Age writers  Josà © Argà ¼ellesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

Propaganda Throughout History Free Essays

string(189) " The Ministry successfully censored and/or eliminated any viewpoint it felt posed a threat to Nazi beliefs or to the regime leaving only the propagandistic message available to the masses\." Propaganda has existed as a method of communication for a long time. It was originally a neutral term used to describe the dissemination of information in favor of any given cause. The redefinition implying its now negative connation arose because of the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany’s admitted use of propaganda favoring communism and fascism respectively, in all forms of their public expression. We will write a custom essay sample on Propaganda Throughout History or any similar topic only for you Order Now Propaganda under this connation still exists, however it’s evolution over the centuries has ensured its survival in the most unassuming ways. This paper will highlight the definitions of propaganda, the uses of propaganda in history through religion, Nazi Germany and the Cold War; its reappearance after the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the 1995 Canadian referendum, evolution into advertising and how society today has become almost indifferent to it. What is Propaganda? Traditional propaganda is defined as a systematic manipulation of public opinion, generally through the use of symbols, monuments, speeches and publications. Today’s â€Å"modern† propaganda is distinguished from other forms of communication in that it is consciously and deliberately used to influence group attitudes; with all other communication functions being secondary. Therefore, almost any attempt to sway public opinion, including lobbying, commercial advertising and even missionary work, can be broadly interpreted as propaganda. However propaganda, more often than not, is associated with political situations referring to efforts by governments and political groups. Propaganda itself can be categorized as White, Gray, or Black, depending on the accuracy of information and where source is credited – if it’s credited at all! White propaganda is defined as coming from a source that is identified correctly and contains information that tends to be accurate such as national pride messages. A message considered Black propaganda when the source is concealed or credited to a false authority, and spreads lies, fabrications and deceptions. Gray propaganda falls somewhere between these two forms as the source may or may not be correctly identified, and the accuracy of the information is uncertain. Ultimately though, the success or failure of any propaganda depends on the receiver’s willingness to accept the credibility of the source and the content of the message. Religious Propaganda The first use of propaganda is credited to the Catholic Church with their creation of sainthood; which was created to influence opinions and beliefs on religious issues. From the fourth century onwards, the church launched an immense propaganda campaign aimed at communicating the character, powers and importance of saints as a method of keeping the loyalty of their existing followers and as a tactic to gain new ones. The Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of Faith was responsible for the campaign in spreading this message. Through their monasteries, the church was able to target emperors, kings and upper noblemen with the message of the saints. Once the church had the buy-in of rulers, the reputations of these saints were given more validity to the general population and their shrines became protected as sacred places. It should be noted that during this period very few people outside the church were literate thereby making authentication of any information difficult. In order to spread the message of the saints, the church used relied on oral messaging and stories told through images such as in the stained glass seen today in cathedrals. For the average person, the church carried absolute authority as it was considered to be the leading source of knowledge. With this power, the church was easily able to bring their saints to life, so to speak. While the propaganda of saints was originally intended as a missionary tool, their resulting successes strengthen a variety of religious objectives. Saints helped reestablish the monastic movement after a period of crisis by generating funds to complete cathedrals and gave the church a major tool for controlling popular religious trends. They also fueled the enthusiasm for the Spanish crusade; which is an excellent example of one of the church’s most immediate successful propagandistic campaign with its mission of bringing all together in Christendom. Spurred on by the words of Pope Urban II that Muslims had conquered Jerusalem, the Crusader’s mission was to recapture the ‘Holy Land’ and they dedicated their lives to this in return for the promise of redemption. Nazi Germany During the 20th century, the arrival of radio and television enabled propagandists to reach more people than before. In addition to the development of these modern medias, warfare and political movements had also contributed to the growing importance of propaganda in the 20th century. Of all the propaganda artists throughout history, no one is better known than Adolf Hitler. During his rein in Nazi Germany, he saturated schools, government and every part of German’s daily lives with propaganda. His keen and sinister insight into mass psychology contributed to Nazi Germany being noted for its psychologically powerful propaganda – much of which was centered on the Jews who were made the scapegoats for Germany’s economic woes. Hitler was as a gifted speaker who, as history shows, captivated the masses with his beating of the podium and growling, emotional speeches. Authentic as they may have seemed, these speeches were full of propaganda and rhetoric which he used to appeal to the economic need of the lower and middle classes, while sounding resonant chords of nationalism, anti-Semitism and anti-communism. Threatened by hyperinflation, political chaos and a possible Communist takeover, Hitler, offered Germans scapegoats and solutions. To the economically depressed he promised to despoil â€Å"Jew financiers† and to workers he promised security. He gained the financial support of bankers and industrialists with his hostility towards Communism and promises to control trade unionism. Shortly after coming to power, Hitler’s Third Reich established the Ministry of Propaganda, whose aim was to ensure the Nazi message was successfully communicated through art, music, theater, films, books, radio, educational materials and the media. Films in particular played an important role in disseminating racial Anti-Semitism, portraying Jews as â€Å"subhuman† creatures infiltrating an Aryan society. The Ministry successfully censored and/or eliminated any viewpoint it felt posed a threat to Nazi beliefs or to the regime leaving only the propagandistic message available to the masses. You read "Propaganda Throughout History" in category "Papers" The Cold War Nazi Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union forced the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union into wartime cooperation despite their past tensions. However, from the start, the alliance between the world’s leading economic power, the world’s largest colonial empire and the world’s first Communist state was marked by mutual distrust and ideological tension. The Cold War began shortly after the end of World War II over disagreements on how postwar Europe should be rebuilt. While neither side ever â€Å"officially† fought the other, as the consequences would be too appalling with the Soviet Union’s Red Army and the Americans possession of the A-bomb, they did wage an incredible war of propaganda. Soviet propaganda focused mainly on overcoming such hardships as exploitation of the working class, racial discrimination and discrimination against women. Their propaganda described the Soviet society as a modern, progressive culture. While they relied upon a variety of resources for propaganda, their posters were the Soviet’s most influential pieces. These posters focused upon the achievements of Russian communists politically, economically and technologically. Domestically, these posters aimed at increasing government support and building patriotism. Many posters focused upon anti-American sentiments. The American capitalist was portrayed as a large, plump old man dressed in a tuxedo and hat. Typical actions of the capitalist in Soviet posters included withholding grain from hungry peasants or running over children with his shiny car. These posters attacked the benefits of the wealth that result from capitalism, while other posters showed the effects of capitalism on poverty. In 1942 the United States created the Office of War Information (OWI), which was responsible for disseminating anti-communist propaganda in order to convince American’s that the US was justified in this new battle. The anti-communist propaganda made American’s fearful and strengthened the movement to support the United States’ opposition to communist states. This propaganda saturated books, pamphlets, comics, films, and radio for nearly 30 years during the Cold War. Hollywood films became a common feature to further propagandize the communist platform with titles such as Apocalypse Now, Red Dawn and Dr. Strangelove . Among its wide-ranging responsibilities, OWI reviewed and approved the design and content of government posters and established the Voice of America, as a method of transmitting its messages to the masses. Voice of America still remains the official government broadcasting service of the United States today. Funded by the US government, it defines itself as an international broadcasting service boasting 1,000 hours of news, information, educational, and cultural programming weekly to a worldwide audience of approximately 115 million people†. Propaganda in North America Today 9/11 and the ‘War on Terrorism’ In the wake of 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centers in 2001, then Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld quickly created a modern version of the OWI, with the Office of Strategic Influence (OSI) to disseminate war information. In the critical â€Å"planning stages† leading up to an invasion of Iraq, the twisting of public opinion in the US, and around the world, was an integral part of their war agenda. Acts of war were proclaimed â€Å"humanitarian interventions† geared towards â€Å"regime change† and â€Å"the restoration of democracy†. Military occupation and the killing of civilians are presented as â€Å"peace-keeping†. In news reports on actual, possible or future terrorist attacks, the propaganda campaign exhibited a consistent pattern referring to ‘reliable sources’ or a ‘growing body of evidence’; and included key phrases such as terrorist groups involved had ‘ties to Bin Laden’ or Al Qaeda†. News reports unwittingly confirmed the America’s need to initiate â€Å"pre-emptive actions directed against these various terrorist organizations and/or the foreign governments that harbour the terrorists†. These types of news reports were also used to justify ethnic profiling and mass arrests of presumed terrorists. As it had done during the Cold War, the government also influenced the scope and direction of many Hollywood productions as immediately following 9/11. One third of Hollywood productions were war movies that reinforced the message of patriotism such as Black Hawk Down and Spy Game. In their book Propaganda and Persuasion , authors Garth Jowett and Victoria O’Donnell suggest that overtly patriotic national celebrations are forms white propaganda. Celebrations such as the Fourth of July or Canada Day are designed to increase patriotism by bolstering national pride and glorifying ‘dying for one’s country’. In 1991, President Bush went to watch one of the US’ oldest annual Independence Day celebrations held in Missouri. Wearing an American flag in his pocket, he praised American troops who fought in the Persian Gulf saying â€Å"the war had made everyone in the country proud to say ‘I am an American and I love my country’. † These types of propagandistic celebrations are crucial in times of war, drawing on the emotions of its countrymen in order for the government to gain support for its actions. My Canada Includes Quebec In 1995, Canadians faced the possibility of the province of Quebec’s separation from Canada. Since the referendum battle was over the hypothetical situation with complex facts and nationalist emotions, the most important fight of the referendum was for the minds and spirits of the Quebec voters. Spearheaded by the separatist Bloc Quebecois Party, Quebec residents were fed a continuous stream of negative images of federalism into their collective psyche. The majority of the propaganda during the referendum came from the Bloc Quebecois (separatists) and Party Quebecois (nationalists) who used a combination of party ideas, facts and images to spread the idea that rest of Canada would never recognize Quebec’s distinctiveness. To that end, Nationalists launched the slogan that â€Å"a vote for the Non is a vote for the status quo†. However, the majority of their propagandistic campaign revolved around discrediting federalism as harming Quebec to help to reinforce their core nationalist support; presenting their images of a peaceful, easy separation and the inevitability of Quebec becoming a â€Å"normal† nation-state. On the flip side, Federalists launched their own campaign to counter the pro-separatist and nationalist propagandistic messaging. Federalists employed facts of the high cost of separation and the dangers of instability and ethnic conflict, as an attempt to for force the Nationalists into defending the need of an independent state. Today most of the propaganda in the North America comes from governments and ‘various private entities’. In this respect, propaganda is an ambiguous term that can often meaning the same as advertising. Radio, newspaper, posters, books, and anything else the government might send out to the widespread public can be considered, by definition, propaganda. Advertising as Propaganda In the early 20th century, the founders of the growing public relations industry originally used the term propaganda to describe their activities. This usage died out around the time of World War II, as the industry started to avoid the word, given the negative connotation it had acquired. Whatever you call it, advertising is a form of propaganda as it is ever-present and the message it carries is a result of ulterior motives by people who want to make money and maintain the status quo. Alongside the news, advertising is a tool that shapes public opinion. Everywhere you look there is some form of advertising, whether you’re driving a car or taking public transit, there is advertising. Billboards, posters, newspapers, magazines – everywhere we turn we are exposed to some form of advertising pushing a product, concept or belief on to us. Advertising is a fiercely competitive industry with success won not necessarily by the best product, but rather with the best advertising. As advertising relies on the amount of coverage or penetration, coupled with the quality of the delivery, it is easy to see how it compares to propaganda. If a tag or a brand logo is reproduced enough to become recognizable by a large section of the community, it becomes part of the social landscape and instantly embedded into the mind. Advertising has evolved from its beginnings as a text-based medium highlighting a product’s merits into the marketing feelings, lifestyle and fantasy with advertising campaigns such as Calvin Klein’s Obsession, which feature highly sexualized images that convey beauty and virility though photographs of almost nude models. Consumers have become oblivious to the propagandistic qualities of advertising but are not immune to its effects. Look at the successful marketing of Energizer batteries with its creation of its Energizer Bunny ®. Since 1989, Energizer has featured its bunny in their commercials, hammering the simple message ‘it keeps going and going†¦ ’ into the minds of consumers. Energizer is an excellent example of a company that has successfully ensured consumers understand their product message by employing the techniques of propaganda. When watching a commercial for Energizer, consumers now immediately associate the infamous pink bunny to the Energizer product. For it’s success, the Energizer Bunny ® campaign was recognized as one of the Top Five Advertising Icons of the 20th Century, and has received multiple television advertising awards. Conclusion Throughout history, propaganda has been used and misused to suit the needs of governments during times of crisis, such as war and political instability, and to garner support for private causes such as Christianity in the fourth century. With increased literacy and information readily available to support and/or refute arguments, society is more alert to messages of government/political propaganda and what is strictly information dissemination than its forefathers. However, under the guise of advertising, propaganda continues to be an acceptable tool of persuasion – a multi-billion dollar industry in fact! Consumers are critical when analyzing information presented by governing bodies, yet readily accept the messages/promising conveyed in advertising. Would society be as indifferent to advertising if it were still called propaganda? The formation of watchdog groups, such as Adbusters, call attention of the propagandistic messages by questioning facts and parodying advertising campaigns with unpleasant product realities. With their proclaimed goal to â€Å"[get] folks to get mad about corporate disinformation †, Adbusters’ has created campaigns such as TV Turnoff Week, a method of mass protest against the inundation of commercial messages. While such watchdog groups call attention to advertising’s one-sided, self-serving message, it is up to consumers to pay attention to product messaging and its effects on our culture. 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Business Cycle Characteristics of Labour Market †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Business Cycle Characteristics of Labour Market. Answer: Introduction Australia economy has fallen a victim of unemployment like any other economy in the in international market. The unemployment rate in the Australia has been changing with no constant/ pre-determined % of concern. High unemployment rate situation is still being witnessed in the country in the past five years with 2017s seasonally adjusted figure being 5.6% in August 2017 as in the months earlier matching the estimates in the market. During this period, Australian unemployment rate stood at eleven percent. Such a record rate was subsequent to worst financial crisis never witnessed in Australia (Evans, 2015). Australia has had about 6.7 percent unemployment rate on average in the last five years. The decrease denoted an improvement alongside creation of hope amongst Australians. The Australia dollar regained its value, economic sectors showed improvement while investors were enticed to invest in Australia. In 2013, Australia showed the economic performance relative to its trade partners including the US. Unemployment exists in a country in case there is any worker who is ready as willing to work with required and relevant skills and knowledge. Any worker who is willing as well as ready to work yet is presently not working is regarded as being (Bonoli, 2017). Accordingly, unemployed individual is one in labor force endowed with the below listed characteristics; Lacking any paying job presently and remains actively searching for the job either via an application letter, online application or walking from a station to another searching for work He is willing as well as able to begin working as early as a week ago. He is waiting to begin operating if he lands an opportunity subsequent to being retrenched from previous job or stopped working due to not being remunerated. He is falling in fifteen years with appropriate knowledge together with skills capable of landing him employment in the economy. Any individual in Australia who falls in overhead group is being unemployed. Accordingly, Australias unemployment describes the numerical composition of males and females with required knowledge alongside skills, aged fifteen years and above, ready as well as willingly searching for a job vacancies yet unable to get employed. They include persons who within Australian labor force (Gregory Smith, 2016). Australian Unemployment Trend and Labor Market The country has experienced surprising unemployment trends in the last five years. This is depicted between 2013 and 2017. Australia is vast with economic blessings amongst the ECD memberships, however, the economy is yet to stabilize the labor market in order to effectively accommodate its aggressive and youthful citizens (Yusuf, Martins, Swanson, Martins Swanson, 2014). The unpromising rates of unemployment between 2013 and 2017 are as a result of Global Financial Crisis shook Australias economy. Right from early 2013, Australian rate of unemployment has averaged at about 6.70. Australia labor market has had a structural growth alongside amplified export-derived revenue collection. Australian industrial sector witnessed a growth thereby accommodating unemployed population because of foreign investors trusting the economys stability in currency between since 2013. The industrial sector growth opened up job opportunities thereby absorbing the countrys unemployed population especially women. Australian labor market regained strength because of labor demand surge triggered by growth in the economy. Nonetheless, subsequent to GFC and corresponding effects to all ECD, the labor market of Australian is still weakened to date. Rate of unemployment has been soaring from 2013 and continued reaching 6.2 percent in 2015 but has since dropped to 5.60% in August 2017. The country has been caught up in a recessions accompanied with negative impacts on growth of economy as aftermath. These recessions have accounted for the instability in labor market in Australia to date. Such recessions including the GFC still account for the damages to labor expectations in Australia especially the youthful group even between 2013 and 2017. GFC was accompanied by declined employment period, diminishing opportunities for job, augmented unemployment periods, decreased opportunities for employment alongside worst increase in uncertainties over vacancies. The labor market was extremely weakened characterized by laying offs and retrenchment as the sole option for few working group accommodation. The Australia has been picking up from 2013 through 2017 with reports showing 5.6 percent as unemployment rate in August, 2017. Improvement are expected because of Australia dollar stability alongside economic growth sustainability among ECDO memberships. The Australia has unbalanced labor market with respect to distribution of unemployment. More of the youths are unemployed than adults. About 12 percent of Australian youths remained unemployed subsequent to the disparaging GFC. Almost 2/3 of Australian total unemployed persons are youths. Such a trend is discriminatory as it kills the Australian future labor market. A great percentage of Australian youths aged between fifteen and twenty-four years are not only ready but also willing to work for the prevailing wage rate but they are unable land any opportunity (Flche Layard, 2017). The Australian high number of unemployed youths is due to adjustment in structural alongside economic. Weak Australian labor market exemplifies weaker economic conditions hence low income levels thereby negating purchasing rate. Decrease in population spending prevents the profitability of money in circulation to the prevailing or working industries. Subsequent to the 2008 recession, several industries stopped operation, whereas others industries cut down the size of workforce. The effect of such duo changes led to a reduction in the probability of new recruits absorption in companies. The remaining firms alongside companies made a decision to depend on adults with ready and required experience as well as skills. Youths in Australia were left with no option than to stay unemployed as they await openings. The unwillingness by the remaining industries to provide training for novel recruits without associated skills alongside experiences also derailed the probability of the Australian youths to secure jobs (Argy Nevile, 2016). A huge proportion of Australian youths comprises fresh graduates and students. A few youths make up products of young individuals Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEETS). The Australian youths are searching either voluntary or part time jobs without remuneration at all. More men are unemployed than female youth counterparts because higher rates of ladies absorption in administrative as well as secretarial jobs as opposed to males. Youths unemployment in Australia has amplified following the above mentioned recession. The aftermath of GFC has affected a great number of youthful males than corresponding youthful female population thereby projecting long-run employment to employ as well as underemployment in Australia. Such an unemployment in the eye of decline labor hours hence a decline in the income levels. As outlined in the 2015s Australia Bureau of Statistics, virtually 299,000 Australian youths aged between 14 and 19 years were not employed in 2015, demonstrating a 14 percent. Though, amongst the unemployed Australian youths according to 2015, people age between fourteen and nineteen years stood extremely unemployed than to those persons between 20 and 24 years. Such a finding is reinforced by the revelation that a small percentage of 14-19 age bracket took part in job opportunities. More men were also unemployed than ladies besides the discrimination depicted on age aspect. Australian labor-market rates of unemployment alongside underemployment account for underutilization rate of labor of about 30.4 percent, denoting deterioration in investment amongst human capital from youth (Morris Wilson, 2014). More skills and knowledge possessed by employability level youths lie exploited as well as under-tapped. Such human capitals, therefore, do not partake in Australian innovation as well as technological adaptability. Youths frequently from native regions of the country are never considered on noteworthy opportunities in Australia. They, therefore, contribute principally on unemployed youths percentage. They comprise of youths from backgrounds of lower cadre social-economic. Why Rampant Youth Unemployment Australian youths agonize the most in unemployment in Australia due demand- and supply-related factors that can be well be understood on the basis of market theories of demand and supply The labor-market operation is determined as well as influenced mainly by the supply-side theory along with demand-side theory. The duo ideas operate together thereby dictating the employability of labor in labor markets (Groenewegen McFarlane, 2014). The duo account for welfare concept which clearly presents the definition of persons welfare in the economy. Demand- and supply-side theories presents the positive or negative determination of the welfare status of a person in the market. They can establish incentives or bring discouragement for an individual to participate in market. The theory of supply-side is anxious with the labor factor attributes. It undertakes an examination of the youths skills alongside behavioral actions capable of earning an opportunity in labor-market. Supply-side exemplifi es more on youths inability to adapt to the requirements of a job regarding reliance on welfare which boasts the interest of a youth towards accomplishing requirements of demand in the market. Theory of Supply-side further is a discouragement for youths to improve adaptability, decrease the spirit of personal ability motivation as well as attain novel skills responsibility appropriate to demand (Cockx Picchio, 2013). This theory stresses on the discouragement concepts of a youth who is hesitant sell his labor hours, however, upholds a great anticipation of huge compensation. The theory of supply-side discourages potentials of establishing opportunities for jobs for youths. Demand-side theory conversely distillates on the social democracy kind of theory for governance. Demand-side defines the unemployment of youth as absence of labor demand/ lack safety and decent job. Demand-side theory makes government accountable for youth unemployment opportunities. It posits that administration need to establish job vacancies for achievement of welfare concept (Mavromaras, Sloane Wei, 2015). The concept of welfare dictates that the government intervene as well as curtail the unemployment by improving social-security alongside minimum social-protection. The government of Australia has not placed concern on theory of demand-side, yet it has focused extremely on supply-side theory. The government has utilized supply-side alongside welfare policies to trigger economic growth hence restraining opportunities of having youths in labor market. Individual Employability Individual soft skills Individuals level of aspiration and motivation Programs geared to assist a person to boots his/her skills, employability, knowledge, education level and mobility. The roles and responsibilities of social networks The providers of education alongside training, Non-Governmental Organizations, agencies, and employers responsibilities in the market. The responsibilities and roles of families Demand-side theory focuses on structural factors: Concentrates on unemployment levels of young generation Intervention in education sector Intervention in the labor market Intervention in welfare factors It examines geographical disadvantages in the market Lack of structures in the market to support career Reduced number of training opportunities/programs It is clearly apparent that the Australia has been stressed on supply-side theory that lacks motivational interest on youthful population needs to acquire jobs. Types of Unemployment in Australia Australia has faced major unemployment types including: Cyclical Natural Structural Structural Unemployment It is usually felt in Australian market because of production criteria alterations. Where the company alters its process for production, there is certainly the establishment of unemployment. The alteration in the process of production can be increased because of new technology adoption in market/ increased level of competition that dictates that a company retrench certain workers to realize benchmark of profitability. The economy of Australia has suffered because of this kind of unemployment. The following are the triggers of structural unemployment in Australia: Closure of business alongside a reduction in profitability. Supply-side in the market has negative consequences in terms of profitability levels reduction. Declined profit will subject the company to various inabilities to sustain for coming expenses of production. Besides costs of production, a company, will be unable to uphold financial objectives. Such scenario provides a business with no alternative but to stop employing people to retrench on employees. Australia witnessed this behavior in 2013 whereby many firms projected at exit Global market effects. Global market triggers high markets competition. Firms unable to sustain such high competition levels in the market will have to resort to other ways for survival in market. Some firms are compelled to close their businesses due to financial crisis alongside decreased consumer spending. This behavior has led to high unemployment rates in Australia. Relocation to other geographical areas. During the countrys financial crisis leading to weakened and fluctuating currency, firm make decisions to relocate to and operate in stable economies countries. Firms can as well as move from a city to another with a good number of consumer thereby increasing purchases although at lower value for money. The relocation impact is damagingly for the jobless/retrenched individuals as a result of closure. Skills mismatch and change in technology. Supply-side theory might be accompanied by novel concept of technological production. The novel concept could call for computers use instead of labor force. Thus, certain workers may be laid off hence causing jobs loss. Australia remains on the technology experts verge. A great number of Australian operations have moved to the computers utilization in place of human labor. Many workers were retrenched in in the course of novel technological system adoption (Carcillo Knigs, 2015). Skills mismatch remained a major accounting factor in rate of Australian youth unemployment. Many Australian industries call for a highly skilled and experienced workforce, seldom do such industries require fresh graduates. Only smaller proportion of industries are willing and ready to provide upskilling training programs. Accordingly, Australian industries stay unemployed without certainty on when they might land any job. It results when Australia spends less on significant commodities. The ability to spend turns weak thereby negating opportunities for job establishment to the jobless. The recession disrupted the financial power of Australia which still account for cyclical unemployment between 2013 and 2017. Australian currency became weak to sustain global market competition. The effect was a reduction in spending power of Australia. Cyclical unemployment terminates in case recession impacts cease. Subsequent to cyclical unemployment on countries a better growing economy alongside stable currency can rapidly pick up. Decreased firms confidence level. A decrease in firms confidence level as a result of instability of economy results in plants closure. Firms cease the production because of absence of market demand. Firm will thus make no sales. The close down culminate in unemployment in Australia. The declined level of income of household. Where household income level drops, spending habit among household hampers emptying into a demand decline. When Australian demand level goes downwards, firms shall not produce hence employed workers will be jobless. Pessimistic nature of Consumers. Where consumers anticipate uncertain future employment conditions, they halt expenditure forcing several closures among firms. Natural Unemployment It is mainly a supply-side-derived unemployment. It is usually widespread in Australia irrespective of stability of the economy. It is also widespread in healthy economies. It results from supply-side impact on market thereby altering the manner of firms operations. It hampers original production processes organization, profitability of business as well as recruitment system (Bell Blanchflower, 2015). Australias unemployment differs across states because of diverse states economic power. States mentioned here include Tasmania, New South Wales, Western Australia, and Queensland alongside South Australia. The unemployment rate varies without any state equals to another. Tasmania currently shows the highest rate of unemployment among these states. Tasmanias rate or unemployment stood at 22.2 percent overall with youth unemployment rate being 10.1 percent. This demonstrates degree of agony triggered arose from GFC. A great percentage of Tasmanian youths remain jobless relative to other states. Tasmania is succeeded by South Australia (SA) state with rate of unemployment standing at 21.8 percent somewhat below Tasmania. The youth unemployment rate in SA stands at 15.4 percent displaying a reduction from the previous years. The Western Australia (WA) is the third with rate of unemployment being 21.3 percent. The WAs youth unemployment rate stands at 10 percent. Queensland State (QS) comes fourth with unemployment rate of 21.2 percent and 13.95 percent rate of youth unemployment. This state has had its youth unemployment rate surging 6.95% against the 7.0% 2008s record. The New South Wales is the best performing among these states with an overall rate of unemployment of 20.0 percent and 10 percent youth unemployment rate in 2016. Australian Government Policy The government of Australia has embraced a number of policies alongside programs to address unemployment crisis in the labor market. Extra weight has been exerted on youth unemployment. The policies together with programs include; Educational Reintegration. The administration appreciates the significance of reintegrating education into other essential sectors to prepare Australian youths for forthcoming economy prior to graduations. Accordingly, the reintegration policy focus on the provision of maximized assistance for sectoral reintegration into education. Some of reintegration benefits include incorporating art into financial assistances alongside additional appropriate areas not only force them to education singly. Long-term basis career management orientation. Government provides guidance alongside orientations to assist youths on to make rational decision during course selection. The learners can turn such skills into lucrative opportunities following graduation. Using parents as key partners. Australian government regards parents as vastly talented individuals with ability easily influence life of others. Accordingly, parents are engaged in support provision via Career Transition Supports Program. Conclusion GFC alongside additional global issues greatly account for Australia unemployment. The Australian government has, however, stayed obstinate to embrace working and right initiatives that can effectively tame the issue of unemployment. It seems deliberate for Australian government to ignore the welfare of the youths by stressing solely on adults population. It is precise from the discussion that Australian government can utilize policy alongside programs among them sectoral reintegration into education to tame the ever worsening unemployment phenomenon amongst youths. This policy, if well implemented, will yield more opportunities to youths by exposing them to economic situations of the real world. Despite being a global problem, Australia is well-positioned to tame the unemployment impacts on youths by focusing on demand-side theory of labor market. Australian government must adopt such policies and programs that advance economic labor power. This will be achieved thorough a multi-sectoral collaboration that brings together all the stakeholders including professionals and parents to shape ideologies which boost job creation capabilities. References Argy, V. E., Nevile, J. (Eds.). (2016). Inflation and Unemployment: Theory, Experience and Policy Making. Routledge. Bell, D. N., Blanchflower, D. G. (2015). Youth unemployment in Greece: measuring the challenge. IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 4(1), 1. Bonoli, G. (2017). Labour market and social protection reforms in international perspective: parallel or converging tracks?. Taylor Francis. 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